Patience, charity, diligence, humility, chastity, kindness and temperance! These are “the seven virtues” that we try to practice in our lives. On the contrary, wrath, avarice, sloth, pride, lust, envy and gluttony are regarded as “the deadly sins” that we have to overcome.
A new translation of “The Seven Victories” (De Septem
Victorias) has been published by kimyoungsa as a guide to the seven reflections
to control the mind. It was originally written in Chinese in 1614 by Diego de
Pantoja (1571-1618), a Spanish Jesuit who went to Beijing with the Italian
Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1552-1610) in 1601.
With the Chinese name Pang Diwo, Pantoja was one of the
closest collaborators of Matteo Ricci, but he was expelled from China in 1617
as a result of the increasing tension between the Chinese imperial court and
the missionaries. He died in Macao at the age of 47.
Regarding the seven deadly sins and the seven victories
(mortifications), this book became one of the first Catholic catechisms in the
Joseon Kingdom.
“Seongho” Yi Ik (1681―1763), a Korean Neo-Confucian scholar
and Silhak philosopher wrote that “The Seven Victories correspond to the
Confucian theory of self-overcoming, which is enormously helpful in overcoming
one’s desire.”
In this way, “The Seven Victories” is still valid for
contemporary Christians. Hong Yu-han is the first lay ascetic in Korea who
practiced the seven victories.
He was born in 1726, the 2nd year of the reign of King
Yeongjo, into the clan of the Pungsan Hong in the Joseon Kingdom (1392-1910).
His official name was Seongmun, but his pseudonym or nickname was Nongun. In
1742 (at age 16), he studied under the guidance of Yi Ik at the recommendation
of his father.
From 1757, although he was not baptized, he started a
religious life by himself and practiced the seven virtues by overcoming the
seven sins. When he was unable to lead such a life due to various
circumstances, he moved to the foot of Sobaek Mountain in 1775 to practice the
seven victories until his death in 1785 at the age of 60.
At that time, there was no liturgical calendar or prayer book,
but he knew that Sunday came every seven days. So he devoted himself to prayer,
avoiding all worldly affairs on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th of each month. He
also didn’t know anything about abstinence, but he restrained his instinctive
greed by making it a rule not to eat the best food. When eating food, he always
left half of it.
When lowly people bowed to him, he also respected them.
Without any private affection, he treated others as one body. When he met an
old or sick person on the road, he got off his horse and gave it to him.
Without any discrepancy, he didn’t change his mind about what he gained or
lost. He quietly and joyfully accepted unexpected transgression, and he was
ashamed to expose the faults of others. After the age of 30, he completely
abstained from a sexual life. And in spite of his chronic illness, he did not
recline or lie down early unless it was time to go to bed.
Such a faithful passion became a stepping stone to the
founding of the Catholic Church in Korea in 1784. Together with 13 descendants
who became martyrs, his holy shrine is located at Ugokri in Andong.
The Korea Times/ Thoughts of the Times/ October 3 (online), 4 (offline), 2021
칠극
방적아라는 중국 이름을 지닌 판토하는
마테오 리치의 가장 가까운 협력자 가운데 한 사람이었지만 중국 황실과 선교사들 사이의 긴장이 고조되자 1617년 중국에서 추방되었다.
그는 47세에 마카오에서 선종했다.
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